What Effective Practice Really Means - 1690 Words

In everyday life if we want to improve on something that we have done, we must be open to reflection, so that we can identify our strengths and weaknesses and find areas that can be improved on. As the GTCNI competence Framework states, â€Å"Teachers should keep curricular, subject and pedagogical knowledge up-to-date through reflection, self-study and collaboration with colleagues.† (Internet source 1) By taking this into consideration it is then evident that just like in everyday life, if teachers want to become truly effective practitioners they must develop their capacity for critically reflecting upon their practice. No person every stops learning, so no matter how long someone has been teaching, time must be given to reflect upon their†¦show more content†¦Teaching requires a combination of both the subject knowledge and an understanding of effective practice for it to be effective within the classroom. From my own experience out on the school serial days, one of the main things I noticed was that teaching involved a whole lot more than just teaching the curriculum to the pupils. All students have different methods of learning and within the classroom there is a wide range of abilities. So it is the teacher’s responsibility to ensure that all students are given the opportunity to reach their full potential, in order for them to be truly effective practitioners. On the other hand reflective practice can be seen as the central aspect of the teaching and learning process. Boyd and Fayles (1983:1) defined reflective practice as, â€Å"learning is the process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, and which results in a changed conceptual perspective.† Schon believes that there are two aspects to reflective practice: reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Schon, D. A. (1983), [cited in

Vietnam War and the Media Free Essays

string(98) " the America media were not expectant of the attack and assumed that the military did not either\." Write an essay that offers a critical examination of the concept of the ‘guilty media’ thesis in respect of any war of your choice Natasa Perdiou The Vietnam War was the first war that allowed uncensored media coverage resulting in images and accounts of horrific events that served to shape public opinion of the war like nothing that had been seen before. This portrayal by the media led to a separation between the press and the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War and the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now government, as much of what was reported defied the intentions of government policy. The media has fell blame by many for the result of the war, as it is widely believed that the war could not have been won under the scrutiny that came from the American people as a result of the media coverage. From the beginning of the Vietnam War to the present, the media has been an immeasurable factor in the perception of the war as the stories, true or false, that were reported gave the American people a face to an ugly war. The question over how much, if any, the media had affected the outcome of the war has been an unrelenting one and is likely to continue for a long time to come. But one fact that cannot be doubted is that the dreadfulness of war entered the living rooms of Americans for the first time during the Vietnam War. For nearly a decade the American public could watch villages being destroyed, Vietnamese children burning to death, and American body bags being sent home. Although early coverage mainly supported U. S involvement in the war, television news dramatically changed its frame of the war after the Tet Offensive. Images of the U. S led massacre at My Lai dominated the television, yet the daily atrocities committed by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong rarely made the evening news. Moreover, the anti-war movement at home gained increasing media attention while the U. S soldier was forgotten in Vietnam. There was a stable build up of US military support activity in Vietnam during the period 1954 to 1965, but the first combat troops did not emerge until March 1965. During this period, media attention in the war was slow in building up, the first resident TV correspondent, NBC’s Garrick Utley, only arriving in late 1964. The media did build up and as the war became progressively more aggressive, journalists were sent out in increasing numbers. It would be fair to say that reporting of Vietnam increased approximately in proportion to the military presence. Prior to the involvement of ground troops in Vietnam, media coverage was concentrated to the political dimension of the war of stabilizing a non-communist regime in South Vietnam. The media at this time was committed to reporting news that reflected the common anti-communist stance, which was so † powerful in the early 60’s that as long as the Vietnam War remained small, the administration had little trouble with the press† (Hallin 28). [4] By 1965 media coverage of Vietnam increased as the U. S. was becoming more part of an aggressive war. Reporting began to shift from the intention of eradication the world of communism to the frustration of the men in the field. After the heavy use of ground troops, a shift in coverage occurred that â€Å"put much of the attention on the military situation† of the war. (Wyatt 133). [9] An increasing number of reports began to emerge about a lack of incentive and motivation on the part of the South Vietnamese troops. This brought to question the whole role of American interference, as the U. S. was proposed to support the South Vietnamese in their effort against the North, not the other way around. 1965 did not only mark the increase of ground troops into Vietnam, it also brought the emergence of television into the realm of media coverage, while the government was trying to maintain the idea that that the U. S was making encouraging progress, that the Vietnam War was necessary and that victory was not inevitable. While a small percentage of coverage was dedicated to warfare and death, what was seen was not forgotten by the American people. The famous General William Westmoreland states that â€Å"[the coverage was] almost exclusively violent, miserable or controversial; guns firing, men falling, helicopters crashing, buildings toppling, huts burning, refugees fleeing, women wailing. A shot of a single building in ruins could give the impression of an entire town destroyed. † [7] So, in spite of continuous reports of victory, the public had a hard time coming to grips with what they saw their troops involved in Vietnam. Such coverage, along with the vivid images that emerge on T. V. ed to a serious rise in anti-war protest that was merely strengthened by the events of 1968. The Tet Offensive of 1968 marked the greatest conflict in beliefs of the United Stated government and the media. In January, North Vietnamese troops attacked the North cities of South Vietnam and the U. S. embassy in Saigon. The media and the television, however, portrayed the attack as a brutal defeat for the U. S, totally altering the outcom e of the war at the very moment when government officials were publicly stating that victory in Vietnam was â€Å"just around the corner† (Wyatt 167)[8]. The media covered all the events that immediately followed the Tet Offensive and the American public began wondering whether this war could be won. Don Oberdorfer a Washington reporter said that â€Å"there’s no doubt Tet was one of the biggest events in contemporary American history, within two months the, American body politically turned around on the war. And they were significantly influenced by events they saw on television†. [2] The Tet offensive was not totally unpredicted by the US military. In reality, the final result was a success, in military terms, for the US as the Vietnamese did undergo serious casualties and were driven back. However, the America media were not expectant of the attack and assumed that the military did not either. You read "Vietnam War and the Media" in category "Papers" Seeing the US embassy being undertaken by the Vietnamese presented the event as a defeat, ‘television fell prey to its chronic lust for drama. ’[1] After the Tet offensive the media began to attack the American involvement in Vietnam. It became clear to the American public that there was no clear way to win the war. Also, in reaction to public mood the media started sending damaging reports from the frontlines; they suggested that American troops lacked the specific training for the terrain and the type of warfare they were subjected to. They also gave the idea to people that the new rebellious generation and the great pressures of the war meant that many soldiers were drug abusers and carrying out atrocities. The media concentrated on civilian casualties and incidents such as the one in My Lai, These images on people’s televisions, left people in outrage, many had lost faith in the war and saw no military plan capable of wining such a war. They were outraged by their country’s conduct in the war and were set into a moral panic, seeing brutal scenes of civilian casualties committed by their own troops. The war was now seen as a shameful one and the government was seen to be at fault, forcing many young men to their death or to commit the atrocities they saw on their TV screens. The former Vietnam correspondent Robert Elegant of the Los Angeles times said that â€Å"for the first time in modern history the outcome of a war is seemed destined to be determined not on the battlefield but on the printed page and, above all, on the television screen† [3] The reporting of the actual war was deteriorating, just at the moment when the American military advisers hoped to push for victory. The North Vietnamese causalities following the Tet offensive had left them vulnerable and it was expected that an immediate attack to cut the Ho Chi Minh trail would permit the US troops the chance for total success. The news, though, was almost totally concentrating on the rising anti-war division in the US and stories of low morale and indiscipline among the US troops. The media were responsible for the American withdrawal from Vietnam because of the poor quality of reporting which lacked in validity in its facts about events and incidents in the war. It seems with all these misreports or blatant lies, which was meant to purposely damage the image of the American fighting forces in Vietnam public opinion of the war was very low in America. However the question is to what extent, if any, did this coverage change the outcome of the war? It would be reasonable to suggest that the Tet offensive was the most significant incident in shaping the outcome of the war. The media certainly reported the assault in the most inaccurate way for the US army. Activist young journalists, who had not in the past witness any real fighting were all of a sudden bounded by fighting supposed that the North Vietnamese had won a great victory. The US government and army were to a degree guilty since they were aware the assault was going to happen and did not inform the media for reasons of national security. There was a succeeding recovery by the Americans and the media did not report this. Moreover, fragile leadership, mainly from Lyndon Johnson, did not motivate confidence in the war effort. Evidence does also indicate that there was no absolute public support for the war, even earlier than the negative coverage by media began. The reasons for the war, to ceased the spreading of communism (the Domino Theory), were not clearly demonstrated and maintained. Some Americans began to realise that the Communist threat was used as a scapegoat to hide imperialistic intentions. After the media’s massive blunder of reporting the Tet offensive as a major psychological defeat, and not having the sophistication, integrity or courage to admit their error opposition to war rose sharply. These innumerable domestic divisions gave the chance to high ranking members of Johnson’s administration to begin expressing their disapproval of Johnson’s actions to the media. This put pressure on government into engaging in to a more defensive military strategy that may have altered the likelihood of victory for the US. President Johnson was under fire from anti-war ‘doves’ and submitted to both ceasing the bombing of North Vietnam and beginning the Paris Peace talks. As expected, he also announced his decision not to stand for re-election. To make things worse, the war cost two-thousand-million dollars every month. The price of many goods in the United States began to rise. The value of the dollar began to drop. The result was inflation. Then economic activity slowed, and the result was recession. Opposition to the war and to the Administration’s war policies led to bigger and bigger anti-war demonstrations. Johnson’s successor, Richard Nixon, in an effort to gain the public support back announced a plan of ‘Vietnamization’ of the war. This involved swapping US troops with more South Vietnamese troops, trained and armed by the US, after the first US troop withdrawals from Vietnam started in June 1969. Unluckily for Nixon, this did not discourage the anti-war protest who demonstrated in record numbers (250,000) in Washington in November 1969. [10] Images in television in every living room in America were showing the true dreadfulness of war for the first time. Reports of military failure (especially Tet) and slaughter such as the My Lai event shaped an air of scepticism. The media at home were also reporting the rising number and intensity of anti-war protest, legitimising opposition to war. A thing television was guilty of was only placing emphasis on the US troops. The stories that made the news were always about US troops in combat, US troops doing civil action, sometimes US troops in trouble (desertion, drugs, fragging). The allies, whose losses (280,000 South Vietnamese dead) far exceeded those of American troops, were invisible to the American crews. This gave the American public the feeling that the war was being waged mostly by the Americans and it was probably this, more than the almost exclusively violent coverage which gave the public a sense of disillusionment and war weariness. Additionally, media coverage of the war in Vietnam shook the faith of citizens at home. The media was the catalyst, which promoted the rising American anti-war movement. They were to a great degree accountable for the American troops’ withdrawal from Vietnam because of its poor quality of reporting which lacked in accuracy about the facts and events of the war. It is obvious that this kind of misinformation seriously destroyed both the image and the morale of the American soldier in Vietnam. There’s no wonder public opinion of the war was very low in America. But the truth is that the media only sunk a slowly sinking politically based ship, as public opinion of the war was already falling. The public were already starting to see through the government’s political talk that they had no definite military plan for victory or a justifiable reason to fight against a nation of infantrymen. The American media just dramatised the events to entirely destroy the very political principles which started the war. The media caused such a moral alarm in America at the time, people lost trust in its own government. The media left t America in such a chaos that its own government had to surrender to public opinion. So to what extend are the media guilty for the loss of the war? The media played a key role in American withdrawal from Vietnam. It might as well be proper to suggest that with American support for the war, America forces effort into the war may have been better and the outcome of the war may have been different. Nevertheless, the chief reality is that the America forces in Vietnam had no apparent military strategy to be successful in its political mean. So consequently the media can not be solely guilty for the American withdrawal. Yet, the question is, would have American forces been withdraw from Vietnam with no media negative reporting of the war? The answer is that we will never know for sure. But we can undoubtedly say that Americans’ support for the war would have mostly remained high all over the war, the pressure on the American troops and government wouldn’t have appeared. Without all of the these factors the American troops may have had the time to adjust to the style of warfare and topography and resolve the behavioural and discipline troubles they were facing which highly attracted the media attention. This could mean that America would have continued the war in Vietnam, which may, but not definitely would have created a different outcome. Despite this, you still can’t say that the media is totally responsible for the withdrawal of American fighting forces in Vietnam. It was the longest war in American history which resulted in nearly 60,000 American deaths and an estimated 2 million Vietnamese deaths. The financial cost to the United States was just as deep. Even today, many Americans still ask whether the American effort in Vietnam was a sin, a blunder, a necessary war, or a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Vietnamese from totalitarian government. Nicholas Hopkinson’s statement is the one that probably best reflects the situation of the media in Vietnam: As public enthusiasm faded, reporting became more and more critical[†¦] but to single the media out as the decisive element in declining public opinion is incorrect. US opinion turned against the war because it was long unsuccessful, costly in terms of human life and expenditure. ’[6] Words: 2314 References Bibliography: 1. Braestrup, Peter. â€Å"The News Media and the War in Vietnam: Myths and Realities† 2. Don Oberdorfer, Tet! , September 1, 1971 3. Elegant, Robert, ‘How to Lose a War’, Encounter, 57, 2 (1981), 73 89 4. Hallin, Daniel C. , The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam. Los Angles: California University of California Press, 1986. 5. George Herring, America’s Longest War: The United States in Vietnam, 1950-1975 (1986) . Nicholas Hopkinson, â€Å"War and the media’’ Wilton Paper 55 (London: HMSO, 1992): 6-7 7. Westmoreland, William C. A Soldier Reports (Garden City, N. Y. , Doubleday, 1976) 8. William M. Hammond, Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1962-1968 (1989) and Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1968-1973 (1996). 9. Wyatt, Clarence R. Paper Soldiers: The Americ an Press and the Vietnam War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Internet sources : 10. www. nytimes. com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1115. html How to cite Vietnam War and the Media, Essays

Employees Use Apps In Making Their Work And Personal Life Better

Question: Discuss about the Employees Use Apps In Making Their Work And Personal Life Better. Answer: Introduction: In the life of human beings, work plays an important role. In the present scenario, where unpredictability and fast-paced business is the talk of the town, it is certainly not easy to attain work life balance. As per Perrons 2017, with increasing connectivity through social media and technology, it is becoming added difficulty in separating work from the personal lives of employees. It has become a commonplace to check on the emails at all hours, taking calls for business at the dinner table, and working from the laptops on the weekends. Employers have started expecting more out of their employees, which is often driving the people into pressurized corners for attaining bigger results. Consequently, this has often lead to working for longer hours and spending less time at home. It is for the employers or the business leaders to feel responsible in helping their team or people juggle the demands of their work process and the personal lives, as the most efficient of employees might still be lingering around to find exact work-life balance (Hubbard 2016). Technological App in Work/Life Balance: However, the concept of work/life balance is going for a massive change: work and home life are not considered as two split entities, positioning the competing demands on the resources of human beings, though enduring distinct in terms of location and time. According to Freeburg et al. (2014), as an alternative, the term work/life merge has been coined currently in trendy culture for describing the liquefying of the boundaries existing between the work lives to that of homes. This merging of two worlds has only been possible by the entrance of the mobile technologies and the portable Wi-Fi, especially in the last twenty years. In the present scenario, work can be completed even if the employee is away from the office with certain apps, whereas maintaining proper contact with family back home is also possible during times of busy working day (Anderson et al. 2013). Opportunities: For facilitating the transition in the pattern of working, it is significant in identifying the impact of such changes on the workers and the research that has emerged in the last two decades has started elucidating this field. On reconsidering the research available over the database, it instantly becomes evident that using of the mobile technologies can provide both advantages and disadvantages to the employees. An important advantage that materializes on constant basis is the suppleness of the mobile technology app offering, facilitating employees in regulating the pace, time and location in which they accomplish their work (Wiese 2015). Associated to this is the augmented ability in accommodating work and fun into their lives and also being able to work for longer hours before the start of their jobs to encroaching on their homely lives. Furthermore, another advantage that is being perceived by the workers is the prospective of the employees for bigger productivity and competence of using the technological apps, along with the apparent benefit of having immediate access to colleagues when being away from the office. Adding to that is the survey results of employees working in the IT industry, where it has been identified that higher morale among staffs and their capability in manipulating the employers impressions through dedicated appearance by being ever available. Nonetheless, it can be stated that the use of apps have been beneficial in one way or the other in helping the employees maintain a work-life balance. Not only the big business corporations, but also the small businesses require enough dedication along with excellence to survive in this cutthroat competition (Goodwin and Graebe 2017). From small entrepreneurs to big business leaders, there are numerous things like satisfying of the needs of the customers, employees, keeping pace with the stiff competition, developing a good work balance, requiring birds eye view for them to lead a life free from any sort of stress. Such leaders or employers should consider their employees to be their biggest assets. Therefore, it is imperative on their part to have a strong business plan that has the ability in increasing the revenue of the business and creating an environment where the employees are able to perform better. Business app has been one such factor that has helped the employers and the e mployees in injecting more life to the balance of their work-life. Benefits for Employees: Certain benefits for using of these apps by the employees can be discussed here in this section. The first among many such benefits of using these apps are an app never sleeps. An investor would do well to invest in the business apps for the employees can execute their assigned tasks and assist the business employer in merchandising with his services and products, while performing certain other tasks like sleeping for longer hours, playing soccer with their children or enjoying quality time with friends and family. Apps have made it easy to perform the tasks at any point of time. Adding to that is the apps ability to let the employee maintain a long-term relationship with his clients and other customers. Every business at certain point of time comes up with some grand news and offerings for their clients. Then, it is not always possible for the client to unlock the mail or go through the company website to know about such offers. According to Wiese (2015), an app can establish to be the eventual method of cutting down the frenzied procedure of investigating the websites or emails in offering reliable information about the offerings, right in the palm of their hand- their smartphone. An employee does not need to be physically reminding his client of all the offerings all the time amidst his busy work-life schedule. Issues: However, the employees have also cited certain disadvantages in the use of technological apps. It has been recognized that app use can lead to augmented expectations from the employers along with an increase in the workload having a feeling of never being off duty. The negative influence of the family life have also been identified, especially that technology has the ability in lengthening the working day, intruding with the family life, which might lead to any sort of conflict with the family members (Stawarz et al. 2013). It has been witnessed that the emergence of these apps has contributed to the increase in the stress level of the employees in the fear of they being monitored by their employees. Striking balance with Health and Well-being App: Roughly, around 75 million people have been using their mobile phones for health with in the current situation there are around 1,00,000 health and wellness apps in the market that can be used by the employees to keep track of their health related issues (Deepika and Rani 2014). These personal monitoring devices have the ability of collecting data on everything from the steps taken from breathing to heart rate, along with apps that might sense the starting of any chronic illness of individuals at workplace. The expansion of the technology and the birth of such apps for both the personal and professional use make incorporating technology into the workplace a well-positioned advancement for affecting the well-being of the employees. This helps in enhancing of the collaboration and innovation through the global and fundamental work teams, putting in the best minds mutually for addressing of a problem, despite of their physical position (Frizzell 2015). It also helps in increasing the en gagement and the work-life balance for the employees with flexible arrangements for work. Management and Motivational Theories and Recommendations on Using the Apps: Motivating the workers for using of this technological apps and making them interact with the health technology at workplace can sometimes be difficult. For decades now, the social scientists have been trying to establish the factors that motivate the behaviour of people, the ways they are being motivated and the reasons for the same (Hubbard 2016). Hertzbergs Two-Factor Theory: Hertzbergs two-factor theory of motivation has been able to identify the factors that influence the motivation of employees and augment their level of satisfaction. If there is existence of the motivating factors, it can well lead to satisfy the employees and motivate them in working harder. Similarly, if there is lack of the hygiene factors, they can well lead to dissatisfaction among employees and generate any sort of motivation. This theory takes into account the needs and wants of the employees are to be focused on by the employers to keep the workforce happy and productive. Employees require the feeling of supportiveness, offering feedback and making sure the work is not overly pressurizing them in any way and keeping them away from the family (Goodwin and Graebe 2017). Such business and health well-being apps have the ability of providing the employees with the motivating and hygiene factors where they can keep themselves connected with the family all the time and do their work at the same time. Their physical presence at workplace is not required all the time; they can have fun, be with the family and still be able to execute their tasks. The TimeTune app for Android and ATracker follows the routine of an individual in providing them with the data for analyzing the ways they would be spending their days (Roy 2016). It makes the employee ready on working out the ways of shifting towards the more pragmatic ratio of working and relaxing. This apps saves the employees from being stressed and pressurized all the time. It motivates them to work in a better way without being there at workplace all the time. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: The theory of Hierarchy of Needs that is being developed by the psychologist Abraham Maslow, states that the basic requirements of the individuals should be fulfilled before they feel motivated in attaining higher-level needs. Five level of hierarchy, with the first being physiological comprises of the needs for survival like the food, water and shelter.Adding to that is the safety concern including the personal and financial security along with the well-being of the employees. Female employees can use the security apps available these days to stay connected with close friends and families while working late at nights. Any wrong doing or uncanny situation might lead the female employee to click on the app that sends messages to the contacts that are most near to that particular female employee along with the nearest police station. It helps the female employee being stress free and keeps in touch with her dear ones in her time of need. The third is the sense of belongingness that takes in the requirement for friendships, family and relationships. It is often the moving parts of an employees life, that sometimes causes the biggest barrier for them to stay focused. It might happen that an employee might not be able to concentrate in sales meeting because he might forget at what time he needs to take his partner to airport. The Cozi app cuts short these concerns by putting in the personal information at one place. It takes in the to-do list, calendar, journal, shopping list and even a recipe manager. The beauty of this app is that every family member can have admittance through it and there is no need for whispering through the frenetic phone calls at work for coordinating the schedules or even setting up an appointment with doctor (Fleck, Robison and Cox 2014). The fourth in line is the esteem, the need for being confident and be respected by others, which would be possible with these apps. These apps have made it possible for the employees in doing their own work and not being dependent or anyone or any other thing. Proper use of this apps would instil the confidence among the employees in executing any given task within the time frame, as these apps makes accessibility of work related factors from any situation and position. Lastly, it is the self-actualization of the employees in attaining everything that one possibly can at the workplace though the use of these apps. This would enable the employee in planning his own things, scheduling important occasions so that they do not be missed at any given time. It is the desire of the employees to strike and maintain a proper balance among work and life that he exhibits eagerness in using of these apps. Conclusion: It can be concluded that maintain work/life balance is a significant factor for the employees. Working 24/7 can never be an option. Working all the time would burn out an individual. The burn out would lead to disappear all the passion that an employ had for his job. So, it becomes important for the employees in striking a balance between the time he provides at his desk and the time away for staying happy, productive, sane and healthy. There is existence of enough apps that might block the emails and help an employee keep calm and make the work/life balance a certainty. References: Anderson, D., Lewis, S., Lyonette, C., Payne, N. and Wood, S., 2013. Work-life balance policies, practices and discourse and public sector cuts. Deepika, M. and Rani, M.M., 2014. WORK LIFE BALANCE. Fleck, R., Robison, R.A. and Cox, A.L., 2014, September. Balancing boundaries: The role of technology boundary work in managing work-life balance. Freeburg, M., LaBrozzi, R., Mamberg, M., O'Connor, E. and Wu, T.C.T., 2014. Work/Life Balance?. Frizzell, R.E., 2015.Manufacturing satisfaction with work-family balance: the effects of employee type, technology use, life role salience(Doctoral dissertation, Kansas State University). Goodwin, G.C. and Graebe, S.F., 2017. Work-Life Balance. InA Doctorate and Beyond(pp. 179-185). Springer International Publishing. Hubbard, A.G., 2016. The Effect of Technology on Work-Life Balance: Women in Higher Education. Michel, A., Bosch, C. and Rexroth, M., 2014. Mindfulness as a cognitiveemotional segmentation strategy: An intervention promoting worklife balance.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(4), pp.733-754. Nam, T., 2014. Technology use and work-life balance.Applied Research in Quality of Life,9(4), pp.1017-1040. Perrons, D., 2017. WorkLife Balance.The International Encyclopedia of Geography. Redmond, B.F., 2015. Herzberg's two-factor theory [Digital image]. Roy, G., 2016. Impact of Mobile Communication Technology on the Work Life Balance of Working Women-a Review of Discourses.Journal of Contemporary Management Research,10(1), p.79. Stawarz, K., Cox, A.L., Bird, J. and Benedyk, R., 2013, April. I'd sit at home and do work emails: how tablets affect the work-life balance of office workers. InCHI'13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 1383-1388). ACM. Wiese, B.S., 2015. Work-life-balance. InWirtschaftspsychologie(pp. 227-244). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.